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Humility , by Yuval Noah Harari : Summary + Exercises

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  Humility ( By : Yuval Noah Harari) 1. Essay in Points : What is Humility : Humility is Humbleness, Modestness. It is the opposite of Arrogance. a. Introduction :  This essay is a comment on the superiority complex  of humans and their nature of having self importance in all the matters. This is egotism. We all think ourselves superior to other people. This the writer has said this in the reference of the confusing claims regarding the history of human civilization.  b. Illusions of Supremacy and Mastery : People of almost every country, religious group, or society think themselves to be forerunners of human civilization. They think the world became civilized only because of them. This is superiority complex. This is only egotism. All such claims are false. Here the essayist has proved such claims to be wrong.  c. Universality of Human Abilities : Rather than being the monopoly of this or that country or society, all human abilities and traits are universal. Mo...

Knowledge and Wisdom - By Bertrand Russell , Summary and Exercises

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  Knowledge and Wisdom By : Bertrand Russell [Bertrand Russell ] 1. Introduction :  This essay has been written by Bertrand Russell, (1872-1970). He was a famous British philosopher, mathematician, logician and a social reformer. He has written on a variety of topics like philosophy, morality, economy and political issues. He received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. The present essay 'Knowledge and Wisdom' is one of his most read essays. The title of the essay gives a clear hint about the type of content the essay includes. The two key words in the title are 'Knowledge' and 'Wisdom', so this essay is all about what is  'Knowledge' and what is 'Wisdom'. Some people might consider Knowledge and Wisdom to be the same thing. But that's wrong.  Knowledge and wisdom are not synonymous to each other. Knowledge is all facts, information, and skills acquired through experience, learning and education. Wisdom is to make us wise. Wisdom is the p...